http://barf.jcowboy.org Trends in molecular medicine recent publications en-us http://barf.jcowboy.org/pubmed.gif http://barf.jcowboy.org http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=22245020 Publication Date: 2012 Jan 12 PMID: 22245020<br/>Authors: Gill, H. S. - Grammatopoulos, G. - Adshead, S. - Tsialogiannis, E. - Tsiridis, E.<br/>Journal: Trends Mol Med<br/><br/>Theoretical, desirable features of second-generation metal-on-metal (MoM) hip prostheses have led to their widespread use. However, the bearing surfaces, consisting of complex cobalt-chromium alloys, are subject to wear and the release of cobalt and chromium (CoCr) nanoparticles. These nanoparticles can reduce cellular viability, induce DNA damage, lead to chromosomal aberrations, and possibly stimulate increased metal hypersensitivity. Clinically, the effects can be both local (soft-tissue reactions) and systemic (arthroprosthetic cobaltism). This review assesses the literature concerning the in vitro and in vivo cytotoxic, genotoxic, and immunotoxic effects of CoCr wear particles, which is increasingly important in view of the large number of MoM arthroplasties performed.<br/><br/>post to: <a href = "http://www.citeulike.org/posturl?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Fcmd%3DRetrieve%26db%3DPubMed%26dopt%3DAbstract%26list_uids%3D22245020&title=Entrez+Pubmed">CiteULike</a> http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=22240486 Publication Date: 2012 Jan 11 PMID: 22240486<br/>Authors: Hemelaar, J.<br/>Journal: Trends Mol Med<br/><br/>This review examines the enormous progress that has been made in the past decade in understanding the origin of HIV, HIV genetic variability, and the impact of global HIV diversity on the pandemic. Multiple zoonotic transmissions of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) have resulted in different HIV lineages in humans. In addition, the high mutation and recombination rates during viral replication result in a great genetic variability of HIV within individuals, as well as within populations, upon which evolutionary selection pressures act. The global HIV pandemic is examined in the context of HIV evolution, and the global diversity of HIV subtypes and recombinants is discussed in detail. Finally, the impact of HIV diversity on pathogenesis, transmission, diagnosis, treatment, the immune response, and vaccine development is reviewed.<br/><br/>post to: <a href = "http://www.citeulike.org/posturl?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Fcmd%3DRetrieve%26db%3DPubMed%26dopt%3DAbstract%26list_uids%3D22240486&title=Entrez+Pubmed">CiteULike</a> http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=22230382 Publication Date: 2012 Jan 7 PMID: 22230382<br/>Authors: Russo, V. - Bondanza, A. - Ciceri, F. - Bregni, M. - Bordignon, C. - Traversari, C. - Bonini, C.<br/>Journal: Trends Mol Med<br/><br/>T cells as the ultimate effectors of adaptive immune responses are currently used to treat patients affected by infectious diseases and certain tumors. Recently, T cells have been manipulated ex vivo with viral vectors coding for chimeric antigen receptors, exogenous T cell receptors, or 'suicide' genes to potentiate their efficacy and minimize possible side effects. However, the introduction of exogenous genes into T lymphocytes, particularly bacterial or viral transgene products, has occasionally produced immune-mediated elimination of transduced lymphocytes. This immune effect has recently been exploited in a trial of active immunotherapy in melanoma patients. In this opinion article, we discuss the therapeutic possibilities presented by the dual aspects of genetically modified lymphocytes used to treat cancer patients.<br/><br/>post to: <a href = "http://www.citeulike.org/posturl?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Fcmd%3DRetrieve%26db%3DPubMed%26dopt%3DAbstract%26list_uids%3D22230382&title=Entrez+Pubmed">CiteULike</a>