Nature Reviews Neuroscience

Pain: A new trick for opioids?

Publication Date: 2012 Feb 1 PMID: 22293663
Authors: Whalley, K.
Journal: Nat Rev Neurosci

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Dendrites: Ensuring appropriate coverage.

Publication Date: 2012 Feb 1 PMID: 22293662
Authors: Flight, M. H.
Journal: Nat Rev Neurosci

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Consciousness: Effective detection.

Publication Date: 2012 Jan 25 PMID: 22273811
Authors: Welberg, L.
Journal: Nat Rev Neurosci

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Neurodegenerative disorders: Microglia get ready, set...

Publication Date: 2012 Jan 25 PMID: 22273810
Authors: Lewis, S.
Journal: Nat Rev Neurosci

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Brain evolution: MicroRNAs: big influence in brain evolution.

Publication Date: 2012 PMID: 22251964
Authors: Lewis, S.
Journal: Nat Rev Neurosci

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Interneuron dysfunction in psychiatric disorders.

Publication Date: 2012 PMID: 22251963
Authors: Marin, O.
Journal: Nat Rev Neurosci

Schizophrenia, autism and intellectual disabilities are best understood as spectrums of diseases that have broad sets of causes. However, it is becoming evident that these conditions also have overlapping phenotypes and genetics, which is suggestive of common deficits. In this context, the idea that the disruption of inhibitory circuits might be responsible for some of the clinical features of these disorders is gaining support. Recent studies in animal models demonstrate that the molecular basis of such disruption is linked to specific defects in the development and function of interneurons - the cells that are responsible for establishing inhibitory circuits in the brain. These insights are leading to a better understanding of the causes of schizophrenia, autism and intellectual disabilities, and may contribute to the development of more-effective therapeutic interventions.

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Neuronal circuits: Mapping the local field potential.

Publication Date: 2012 PMID: 22251962
Authors: Lewis, S.
Journal: Nat Rev Neurosci

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Neural development: Epigenetic regulation of asymmetry.

Publication Date: 2012 PMID: 22251961
Authors: Whalley, K.
Journal: Nat Rev Neurosci

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Neurodegenerative disease: Preventing 'SIRTain' death by mutant huntingtin.

Publication Date: 2012 PMID: 22251960
Authors: Flight, M. H.
Journal: Nat Rev Neurosci

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Social neuroscience: Oxytocin boosts social awareness.

Publication Date: 2012 PMID: 22251959
Authors: Whalley, K.
Journal: Nat Rev Neurosci

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Psychiatric disorders: Why two is better than one.

Publication Date: 2012 PMID: 22251958
Authors: Welberg, L.
Journal: Nat Rev Neurosci

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Neural development: Clustering connections.

Publication Date: 2012 PMID: 22251957
Authors: Yates, D.
Journal: Nat Rev Neurosci

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Activity-dependent neurotransmitter respecification.

Publication Date: 2012 PMID: 22251956
Authors: Spitzer, N. C.
Journal: Nat Rev Neurosci

For many years it has been assumed that the identity of the transmitters expressed by neurons is stable and unchanging. Recent work, however, shows that electrical activity can respecify neurotransmitter expression during development and in the mature nervous system, and an understanding is emerging of the molecular mechanisms underlying activity-dependent transmitter respecification. Changes in postsynaptic neurotransmitter receptor expression accompany and match changes in transmitter specification, thus enabling synaptic transmission. The functional roles of neurotransmitter respecification are beginning to be understood and appear to involve homeostatic synaptic regulation, which in turn influences behaviour. Activation of this novel form of plasticity by sensorimotor stimuli may provide clinical benefits.

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Neural development: Emergence of patterned activity in the motor system.

Publication Date: 2012 PMID: 22251955
Authors: Whalley, K.
Journal: Nat Rev Neurosci

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Recruiting adaptive cellular stress responses for successful brain ageing.

Publication Date: 2012 Jan 18 PMID: 22251954
Authors: Stranahan, A. M. - Mattson, M. P.
Journal: Nat Rev Neurosci

Successful ageing is determined in part by genetic background, but also by experiential factors associated with lifestyle and culture. Dietary, behavioural and pharmacological interventions have been identified as potential means to slow brain ageing and forestall neurodegenerative disease. Many of these interventions recruit adaptive cellular stress responses to strengthen neuronal networks and enhance plasticity. In this Science and Society article, we describe several determinants of healthy and pathological brain ageing, with insights into how these processes are accelerated or prevented. We also describe the mechanisms underlying the neuroprotective actions of exercise and nutritional interventions, with the goal of recruiting these molecular targets for the treatment and prevention of neurodegenerative disease.

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Ion channels: Optogenetics gets selective!

Publication Date: 2012 PMID: 22251953
Authors: Lewis, S.
Journal: Nat Rev Neurosci

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Learning and memory: Becoming a habit: a role for NMDA receptors.

Publication Date: 2012 PMID: 22251952
Authors: Whalley, K.
Journal: Nat Rev Neurosci

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Spectral fingerprints of large-scale neuronal interactions.

Publication Date: 2012 PMID: 22233726
Authors: Siegel, M. - Donner, T. H. - Engel, A. K.
Journal: Nat Rev Neurosci

Cognition results from interactions among functionally specialized but widely distributed brain regions; however, neuroscience has so far largely focused on characterizing the function of individual brain regions and neurons therein. Here we discuss recent studies that have instead investigated the interactions between brain regions during cognitive processes by assessing correlations between neuronal oscillations in different regions of the primate cerebral cortex. These studies have opened a new window onto the large-scale circuit mechanisms underlying sensorimotor decision-making and top-down attention. We propose that frequency-specific neuronal correlations in large-scale cortical networks may be 'fingerprints' of canonical neuronal computations underlying cognitive processes.

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Neuroimmunology: Interferon-gamma tunes the rhythm.

Publication Date: 2012 PMID: 22233725
Authors: Welberg, L.
Journal: Nat Rev Neurosci

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Synaptic plasticity: Ubiquitin activates synaptic plasticity.

Publication Date: 2012 PMID: 22218208
Authors: Whalley, K.
Journal: Nat Rev Neurosci

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Mitochondrial transport in neurons: impact on synaptic homeostasis and neurodegeneration.

Publication Date: 2012 PMID: 22218207
Authors: Sheng, Z. H. - Cai, Q.
Journal: Nat Rev Neurosci

Mitochondria have a number of essential roles in neuronal function. Their complex mobility patterns within neurons are characterized by frequent changes in direction. Mobile mitochondria can become stationary or pause in regions that have a high metabolic demand and can move again rapidly in response to physiological changes. Defects in mitochondrial transport are implicated in the pathogenesis of several major neurological disorders. Research into the mechanisms that regulate mitochondrial transport is thus an important emerging frontier.

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Computational neuroanatomy of speech production.

Publication Date: 2012 PMID: 22218206
Authors: Hickok, G.
Journal: Nat Rev Neurosci

Speech production has been studied predominantly from within two traditions, psycholinguistics and motor control. These traditions have rarely interacted, and the resulting chasm between these approaches seems to reflect a level of analysis difference: whereas motor control is concerned with lower-level articulatory control, psycholinguistics focuses on higher-level linguistic processing. However, closer examination of both approaches reveals a substantial convergence of ideas. The goal of this article is to integrate psycholinguistic and motor control approaches to speech production. The result of this synthesis is a neuroanatomically grounded, hierarchical state feedback control model of speech production.

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